Uttam Kshama means supreme forgiveness. It is the first of the ten Dash Lakshan (ten supreme virtues) in Jainism and is especially emphasized during Paryushan and Das Lakshan. It means both: (1) forgiving others completely and (2) seeking forgiveness for one's own mistakes, with a calm, non-violent heart. Digambar and Shwetambar traditions both honor this virtue, though the exact wording and recitation can vary slightly between them.

Simple, traditional expressions you can use

• Hindi/Marwari style: आदरणीय [naam], आप को uttam kshama, श्रेष्ठ विवेक और शुद्ध आचार की प्रेरणा मिले। कृपया मेरे छोटे-से अपराधों को क्षमा करें।
• English: May you be granted the supreme forgiveness. May peace, restraint, and pure conduct fill our hearts. I seek forgiveness from you; please forgive me for any harm I may have caused, knowingly or unknowingly.

Common practice note

• On the day of Uttam Kshama (Kshavani/Dash Lakshana), people often say “Michhami Dukkadam” or similar phrases to both seek forgiveness and grant forgiveness to others.

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