Uttam Kshama means the supreme or highest forgiveness. It is celebrated in Jainism as the first and especially important virtue in the Dash Lakshan (ten supreme virtues) and is a central focus during Paryushan and the Dash Lakshan rituals.

Why it is celebrated

• It sets the tone for the whole period of self-purification. Practicing Uttam Kshama means forgiving others for their mistakes and also seeking forgiveness for one’s own faults, with a calm, non-violent mind. This helps reduce anger, pride, deceit, and greed, which bind the soul.
• It culminates in the Forgiveness Day (Kshamavani) and the common practice of saying Micchami Dukkadam, expressing that one seeks forgiveness from all beings and grants forgiveness to all, knowingly or unknowingly caused harm.
• The celebration is shared across Digambar and Shwetambar traditions, though the exact customs and phrasing may vary slightly between the two streams.

In daily practice, Uttam Kshama is about a steady, conscious effort to maintain equanimity toward all beings—in thought, speech, and action—and to let go of grudges that bind the soul. This virtue is seen as essential for spiritual progress on the path to moksha.

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