Jain bhugol (geography) means the Jain study of the cosmos and its geography as described in Jain scriptures. It is not ordinary Earth geography; it is cosmography—the map and structure of the universe (loka), including realms, continents, mountains, oceans, and the positions of living beings, gods, and liberated souls.

Key ideas in Jain bhugol:

• Loka (the world) is divided into upper (urdhva loka), middle (madhya lok a), and lower (adhog lok) regions.
• The middle world includes Jambūdvīpa (the central continent) and other continents, with Mount Meru at the center and various zones that distinguish places where humans can live and where liberation is taught.
• There are different realms for humans, animals, gods, and liberated beings, arranged in a precise cosmological map.
• Time is endless and follows cycles (ascending and descending), which influence the moral and physical landscape of the world.

Differences between Digambar and Shvetambar:

• The core cosmological framework is shared, but there can be small manuscript- and tradition-based variations in details, names of places, and how certain realms are described.
• Overall, both traditions preserve the same aim: to understand the universe for spiritual purpose and the path to liberation.

If you’d like, I can guide you to a JainKnowledge page that explains Jain cosmology and geography in simple terms.