Here is a simple comparison from a Jain-dharma perspective.

Similarities

• Both address ultimate questions about reality, bondage, and liberation.
• Both reject the idea of a creator God who personally controls karmic fate (they don’t center a personal god as the sole source of liberation).
• Both discuss the idea that liberation comes through a change in inner states (purification of the mind/consciousness) and detachment from wrong conduct.
• Both talk about ethics and psychology: actions, consequences, and the importance of right discernment.

Key differences

Ontology (nature of reality)

• Sankhya: A dualist framework of purusha (conscious principle) and prakriti (material nature). The evolution of the universe is explained as the interaction of these two principles, with the gunas (sattva, rajas, tamas) shaping prakriti.
• Jainism: A dualistic view of jiva (sentient beings) and ajiva (non-sentient substances like matter, time, space, and axis). Bondage arises from influx of karmic particles to the jiva; liberation is freedom from karmic particles.

Karma and bondage

• Sankhya: Karma is a subtle material principle associated with prakriti; bondage arises from ignorance (avidya) and the binding of the gunas. Liberation is gaining discriminative knowledge (viveka) and dispassion, often via Yoga.
• Jainism: Karma is a real, physical particle that attaches to the jiva due to intentional actions. Liberation requires complete shedding of karmic influx through strict ethical conduct, self-discipline, and ultimate insight (kevala jnana). Ahimsa (non-violence) is central to the path.

Epistemology (means of knowing truth)

• Sankhya: Knowledge comes through discrimination and analysis of the gunas; often aligned with the practice of Yoga to attain enlightenment.
• Jainism: Accepted pramanas include direct perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumāna), and, in some Jain traditions, reliable testimony (sabda) in specific contexts. The emphasis is on rigorous self-observation and moral discipline to attain kevala jnana (omniscience).

Ethics and path to liberation

• Sankhya: The path to liberation is often through discernment of purusha from prakriti and disciplined practice (Yoga), culminating in disengagement from the material causes of bondage.
• Jainism: Liberation (moksha) is achieved by eliminating all karmic particles through right conduct, right knowledge, and right faith; extensive ascetic practice is emphasized, with ahimsa as a foundational principle.

Theistic stance

• Sankhya: Generally presented as a non-theistic or atheistic framework; some later associations integrate a theistic stance, but the core Sankhya system itself does not center a creator God.
• Jainism: Non-theistic in practice; emphasis is on the jiva’s own effort and the cosmic law of karma, rather than worship of a creator.

Tradition-specific notes

• Digambaras and Śvetāmbaras within Jainism may differ on certain soteriological details and scriptural interpretations, but the core Jain view of jiva, karma, and liberation remains consistent across both sects.
• In Sankhya, there are variations across traditional commentaries and schools (and within Yoga philosophy, which is closely linked to Sankhya), but the basic purusha–prakriti dualism and guna theory are common threads.

If you’d like, I can summarize specific verses or passages from primary Jain texts that illustrate these points, or contrast a few key Sankhya passages side by side with Jain interpretations.