Panch Maha Namaskar Mantra (Navkar Mantra)

Original text ( Ardhamagadhi, as commonly recited): Namo Arihantanam Namo Siddhanam Namo Ayariyanam Namo Uvajjhayanam Namo Loe Savva-sahunam Eso Panch Namokkaro Savva-pavappanasano Mangalanam ca Savvesim Padhamam havai mangalam

Meaning (arth) in simple Jain terms:

• Namo Arihantanam: I bow to the Arihants, those who have conquered inner enemies (kashayas) and attained omniscience.
• Namo Siddhanam: I bow to the Siddhas, liberated souls who have perfected their journey.
• Namo Ayariyanam: I bow to the Acharyas, the learned heads of monks and nuns.
• Namo Uvajjhayanam: I bow to the Upadhyayas, those who teach and explain the scriptures.
• Namo Loe Savva-sahunam: I bow to all Sadhus and Sadhvis (monks and nuns).
• Eso Panch Namokkaro: These five bows are offered collectively.
• Savva-pavappanasano: They destroy all sins.
• Mangalanam ca Savvesim: Among all auspicious things, this is the most auspicious.
• Padhamam havai mangalam: This Navkar Mantra is the foremost of auspiciousness.

Note on tradition (Digambar vs. Shwetambar):

• The five objects of obeisance (Arihanta, Siddha, Acharya, Upadhyaya, Sadhus/Sadhvis) and the basic form of the mantra are shared across Jain traditions. Spelling and minor phonetic renderings can vary (e.g., Uvajjhayanam vs Uvvajjhayanam), but the essential meaning remains the same in both Digambar and Shwetambar contexts.

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