In English, Panch Kalyanak (panchamkaal) are called the Five Kalyanak or the Five Auspicious Occurrences in the life of a Tirthankar. The typical sequence is:

1) Garbha Kalyan — Conception (the unborn Tirthankar in the womb) 2) Janma Kalyan — Birth 3) Tapa Kalyan — Renunciation or the great austerities 4) Keval Jnana Kalyan — Attainment of omniscience (Kevala Jnana) 5) Moksha Kalyan — Liberation (Moksha/Nirvana)

Notes:

• Some Svetambara and Digambara traditions differ slightly in wording or the emphasis of the events, but the above order is the commonly cited sequence.
• “Kaal” here means the time when each event occurs in the life cycle of the Tirthankar (e.g., conception, birth, period of ascetic striving, realization, and final liberation).