Prayaschitta (penance/atonement) in Jainism is usually described as a structured process to purify the mind and reduce karmic influx after an offense. The traditional framework lists ten main types, with slight variations between Digambara and Śvetāmbara traditions.

Ten widely recognized types (with basic meaning)

• Alochana: Confession of faults before a teacher or elder. Admitting what went wrong and feeling remorse. ( jaingpt.org)
• Pratikraman: Introspection and repentance—reviewing actions and resolving not to repeat them. Often includes repentance prayers and vow renewal. ( jaingpt.org)
• Tadubhaya (both Alochana and Pratikraman): Offenses that require both confession and repentance. ( jaingpt.org)
• Vivek: Discernment/renunciation—giving up or avoiding the impurity connected with the fault (e.g., abstaining from forbidden foods or actions). ( jaingpt.org)
• Viyutsarga (often called Vyutsarga orKayotsarga context): Withdrawal from attachment or bodily actions; practicing detachment and equanimity. ( jaingpt.org)
• Tapa: Penance or austerities undertaken as part of Prayaschitta (fasting, abstinence, etc.). ( jaingpt.org)
• Chheda: Excision or reduction of monastic seniority/standing for serious offenses (a disciplinary measure). ( jaingpt.org)
• Mul (Moola): A harsher penance for those who have become lax or indulged in improper acquisitions. ( jaingpt.org)
• Parihara: Expulsion from the monastic order for serious offenses (with possible readmission after penance). ( jaingpt.org)
• Shraddhan/Upasthapana: A significant penance involving temporary or permanent exclusion, depending on severity, and related forms like Anavasthapya or Paranjikā in some texts. ( jaingpt.org)

Notes on tradition differences

• Some texts name and classify these slightly differently, or substitute terms (for example, Mul vs Parihar, and Anavasthapya vs Parajika). The core idea remains: confession, repentance, self-purification, and appropriate penance according to the gravity of the fault. ( jaingpt.org)
• In Digambara and Śvetāmbara practices, the same principles apply, but the exact sequence, terminology, and emphasis may vary in liturgy and sutras. ( jaingpt.org)

If you want, I can give a simple, day-by-day outline of how these types are typically practiced in common Pratikraman routines (Alochana, Pratikraman, Tadubhaya, Vivek, etc.) or point you to specific JainKnowledge pages that explain each type in more detail. You can read more here ( jainknowledge.com)