In brief: Jainism and Hinduism are two distinct Dharmas that arose in the same broad Indian spiritual environment, so they share some themes but differ in core beliefs and practices.

Key similarities

• Both emphasize karma and the cycle of birth and death (samsara).
• Both value nonviolence (ahimsa) and ethical living.
• Both honor multiple spiritual paths and venerable teachers.

Key differences

• God(s): Hinduism is diverse in its views on the divine (many gods, some schools emphasize a single supreme being, etc.). Jainism does not worship a creator god and regards the ultimate goal as liberation (moksha) from the cycle of rebirth, achieved through self-effort.
• Spiritual goal: Jainism aims for kevala jnana (omniscience) and liberation by eliminating karma, while many Hindu paths aim for moksha through various yogic or devotional practices within different frameworks.
• View of the self: Jains believe every soul (jiva) is potentially divine and bound by karma; in many Hindu traditions, the individual atman is part of a larger divine reality, though interpretations vary.
• Authority and scriptures: Jainism has its own Agamas and canonical texts (with Digambar and Shvetambar differences), focusing on the Tirthankaras and a path of ethical discipline. Hinduism has a vast and diverse set of scriptures (Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, etc.) and a wide range of practices and deities.
• Key ethical principles: Jainism places strong emphasis on ahimsa (nonviolence) to an extreme degree, along with aparigraha (non-attachment) and anekantavada (many-sided viewpoint). Hinduism also values nonviolence and dharma but interprets and practices them in a broader variety of ways.

Note on traditions

• Digambar and Shvetambar Jains share the same roots but differ on some scriptures, practices, and interpretations. Both traditions uphold the core Jain path of right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct.

If you’d like, I can give a short Jain perspective on a specific concept (like ahimsa, karma, or moksha) with authentic Jain definitions and examples.