In Jainism, “cosmic life” refers to the huge, cyclical history of time (kalpa) in which all beings live, die, and are reborn. Time is not linear but divided into two half-cycles that repeat again and again: the ascending phase (utsarpiṇi) and the descending phase (avasarpiṇi). Each cycle has six eras in each half, and the lengths of these eras are astronomically large. This whole structure is called a kalpa, and one kalpa contains two half-cycles, making a complete cycle of time. The lifespans of beings change across these eras, generally increasing in the ascending half and decreasing in the descending half. In the present era, life spans are shorter and moral conditions are poorer than in earlier eras. ( jainpedia.org)

Key points about how long cosmic life lasts:

• A full cycle (kalpa) is made of two halves, each with six eras, so the cycle has 12 eras in total. Each era has a fixed, but enormously long duration. ( jainpedia.org)
• In the descending half (avasarpiṇi), which is our current cosmic phase, the conditions and lifespans gradually decline through the six eras. The current age is described as the fifth era of avasarpiṇi, a stage characterized by shorter lifespans and greater difficulty in spiritual practice. ( jainpedia.org)
• The exact numerical lengths are given in traditional Jain cosmology in units such as sāgaropama and palyopama, which are extremely large. For example, the later eras in the cycle are measured in crores of sāgaropama. These numbers show that a “cosmic life” lasts for unimaginably long periods beyond ordinary human lifespans. ( jainpedia.org)

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