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what is the story of mallinath as a man
Mallinath (Malliṇātha) is the 19th Tirthankar in Jainism. There are two main tradition-based understandings:
- Digambar tradition: Mallinath is male. He is born in Mithila to King Kumbha and Queen Prajnavati, renounces worldly life, attains Kevala Jnana (omniscience), teaches dharma, and finally attains moksha at Sammed Shikhar (Parasnath). The life-story follows the usual Tirthankar pattern of detachment, kevala jñan, and liberation, with the same lanchhan (symbol) of a kalash (water pot). ( jainknowledge.com)
- Shwetambar tradition: Mallinath is considered female (Mallī Devi/Malli Kumari) who also renounces, attains keval jñan, and attains moksha, but as a woman. This is a doctrinal difference between the sects, while both venerate Mallinath as a great spiritual teacher. ( jainknowledge.com)
Core outline of the story (as commonly told in texts that present Mallinath as a male Tirthankar):
- Birthplace and family: Mithila (Videh Kshetra); parents named King Kumbha and Queen Prajnavati.
- Early life: Demonstrates deep renunciation and detachment from royal life.
- Renunciation: Leaves the throne, adopts ascetic vows, and pursues spiritual discipline.
- Kevala Jnana: Attains omniscience and begins guiding souls.
- Nirvana: Attains final liberation at Sammed Shikhar (Pareṣnath/Parasnath).
