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  • what are the 50 attributes of tapa (austerity) ?
  • author Posted by
    Jain Follower

    what are the 50 attributes of tapa (austerity) ?

    10 months ago 86

    There isn’t a classical Jain list of “50 attributes of tapa.” The well-known standard classification in Jainism is 12 tapas: 6 external (bahya) and 6 internal (abhyantara).

    • External tapas (bahya):
    - Anashana (fasting) - Unodari / Avamodarya (eating less than one’s fill) - Vritti-sankshepa / Vritti-parisankhyana (limiting food items, places, times) - Ras-a-parityaga (renouncing tasty foods) - Kaya-kleśa (bearing physical hardship for purification) - Saṁlināta / Sallinata (seclusion, restraint of movement and senses)
    • Internal tapas (abhyantara):
    - Prayascitta (repentance/atonement) - Vinaya (humility and reverence) - Vaiyavrattya (service to ascetics and the needy) - Svadhyaya (study of scriptures) - Vyutsarga / Kayotsarga (renunciation of attachment to the body) - Dhyana (meditation)

    These 12 forms are described across Jain sources and are acknowledged in both Śvetāmbara and Digambara traditions, with only minor wording differences. If you were hoping for a list of 50, that specific numeral does not appear in the classical Jain tapa classifications.

    You can read a concise overview of the 12-tapa framework here

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