Here is a simple overview of how Jains commonly fast, with the emphasis on self-control, non-violence, and purification.

• Why they fast

- To discipline the mind and body, reduce harm to living beings, and cultivate detachment from food and material comforts. - Fasting is often done during holy periods (like Paryushan and Mahavir Jayanti) or as a personal vow for spiritual growth.

• Common forms of fasting

- Upvas (upavās): a voluntary fast where one reduces meals or restricts what is eaten. It can be a one-day fast or longer, and there are many variations in practice. - Ek-āsan (one meal a day): eating only one meal during a day, often within a specific time window; the rest of the day is spent in restraint and contemplation. - Ūpadiśṭa fasts (restricted diet): during the fast, people may limit to specific foods (for example, only fruits or milk without grains), and avoid root vegetables or foods that involve heavy preparation. - Nirjala fast: a stricter form where no water is consumed during the fast; this is rare and undertaken by some practitioners with careful guidance.

• Dietary rules typically followed during a fast

- Avoid harming small life forms: many fasts avoid raw vegetables that might harbor insects, and avoid roots that require more digging or breaking plant life. - No fragrances or seasonings that conceal impurities; simple, plain meals are common. - Meals are often light and prepared with care to minimize harm to living beings.

• Practices and disciplines that accompany fasting

- Increased meditation, prayer, and reflection on non-violence (ahimsa) and truth (satya). - Participation in community rituals and readings from Jain scriptures. - Cleanliness, restraint in speech and actions, and avoiding indulgence in worldly desires.

• Important caution about Sallekhana

- Sallekhana (santhara) is a vow to progressively reduce intake toward the end of life. It is a deeply serious and traditionally recognised practice in some Jain traditions. It is not a casual form of fasting and is guided by senior Jain teachers and specific ethical rules. Discussing or attempting it should be done only with proper spiritual guidance.

• Differences between Digambar and Śvetāmbar

- The general aim of fasting is the same: self-discipline and non-violence. The details—how long, what foods are allowed, and how strict the vows are—can differ between Digambar and Śvetāmbar communities. If you’re learning for a specific tradition, it’s best to ask a local Jain guru or community leader for the exact practices.

If you’d like, tell me which Jain tradition you follow (Digambar or Śvetāmbar) or the context (during Paryushan, a personal vow, etc.), and I can tailor the description with more precise steps or practices used in that tradition.