List of vrath
Here are the main categories of vrata (vows) in Jainism.
- Mahavratas (Five Great Vows):
1) Ahimsa — non-violence in thought, speech, and action
2) Satya — truthfulness
3) Achaurya (Stealing) — non-stealing
4) Brahmacharya — celibacy and fidelity (monastic discipline for lay followers: restraint in conduct and senses)
5) Aparigraha — non-possessiveness (non-attachment to people and things)
- Anuvratas (Twelve Secondary Vows for lay followers):
These are milder, practical forms of the five Mahavratas to be observed by householders. They cover aspects such as non-violence in daily life, truth-telling with gentleness, restraint in acquiring and handling possessions, sexual restraint or fidelity, and increasing awareness and restraint in daily activities. The exact Sanskrit names and the nuance of each Anuvrata can differ between Digambar and Shwetambar traditions.
- Other customary vrata and practices:
- Upvas (fasting days) and various vratmārga practices during festivals and holy periods (e.g., Paryushan, Mahavir Jayanti observances)
- Sallekhana (santhara) — fasting to voluntary spiritual end; traditionally debated and practiced under strict circumstances by renunciants and, in rare lay contexts, under guidance
Note on tradition and interpretation:
- The precise formulation and emphasis of each vow can vary between Digambar and Shwetambar traditions. The core intention remains: to reduce harm, cultivate self-discipline, and progress on the path to purification.
If you’d like, I can summarize the exact list and wording of the Anuvratas as given in a Digambar source versus a Shwetambar source, or point you to a Jain scripture that details these vows.