In Jain temples, the Mulnayak pratima is the principal deity of the shrine. It is common for the idol to be shown with symbolic attendants and protective elements to convey its sacred power.

What the snake and two guardian figures represent:

• Snake (naga) canopy or hood: The serpent motif is often used to symbolize protection, longevity, and the shielding of the soul from karmic poisons. It can also signify the temple’s sanctity and the safe, sheltered path to liberation.
• Two guardian figures (often male): These are usually guardian deities associated with the Mulnayak, called yaksha and yakshini in Jain iconography. They serve as attendants or protectors of the principal Tirthankara or revered person. They emphasize guardianship, auspiciousness, and the temple’s spiritual safeguards.

Important nuances:

• Identity and arrangement can vary between temples and between Digambara and Śvetāmbara traditions. Some temples show the Mulnayak with specific named yaksha/yakshini as usual attendants, while others use more generic protective figures.
• The overall message is that the Mulnayak is honored with symbols of protection and benevolence, underscoring the safe progression toward spiritual purity and liberation.

If you’d like, I can share more about how Digambara and Śvetāmbara iconography sometimes differs in Mulnayak imagery and attendant figures.