belief about the beginning of the universe?
In Jainism, the universe (loka) is considered to be eternal and without a beginning or an end. Jains do not believe in creation or a creator god who made the universe. Instead, they teach that the universe has always existed and will always exist, going through endless cycles of change. The universe operates according to its own natural laws, and everything within it—including souls (jiva) and matter (ajiva)—is uncreated and everlasting. Thus, Jain cosmology rejects the idea of a definitive beginning or creation event.