What are 6 dravya?

Six Dravyas (six eternal substances) in Jain philosophy:

• Jiva (living souls)
• Pudgala (matter)
• Dharma (principle of motion)
• Adharma (principle of rest)
• Akasha (space)
• Kala (time)

Arth (meaning) in Jainism:

• Jiva: conscious beings capable of bondage and liberation.
• Pudgala: all physical matter; things that occupy space.
• Dharma: the medium that allows movement (not just morality in this context).
• Adharma: the medium that allows rest (prevents movement).
• Akasha: space that hosts all substances.
• Kala: the time in which changes occur.

Note: Both Digambar and Shvetambar traditions agree on these six dravyas. Some discussions mention Kala as a separate, universal dravya, while others focus on its role within the Jain cosmological system; the core six listed above are the standard framework.

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