In Jainism, nirjarā (निर्जरा) – shedding of karmas – is mainly described in two types:

1. Savipāka / Akām Nirjarā

- Karmas are shed after they give their result naturally. - We simply “wait” till karma matures and falls off.

1. Avipāka / Sakām Nirjarā

- Karmas are shed before their normal time by conscious spiritual effort. - Done through tapas (austerities), prāyaścitta (repentance), kṣamā (forgiveness), dhyan (meditation), etc.

Sometimes, books also explain nirjarā as:

• Bhāva Nirjarā – inner effort, change of intentions and passions.
• Dravya Nirjarā – actual falling off of karmic matter.

Both Digambar and Shvetambar traditions accept these basic types; wording may differ, but the concept is the same: nirjarā = shedding of karma either naturally or by active spiritual effort.

You can read a simple explanation of nirjarā and Nav Tattva here and a short list of sub‑types here .