In Jainism, the concept of Dravya (substance) and Guna (attributes) is fundamental to its philosophy.

Dravya (Substance)

Jainism describes the universe as made up of six dravyas (substances):

1. Jiva (soul or consciousness)
2. Pudgala (matter)
3. Dharma (medium of motion)
4. Adharma (medium of rest)
5. Akasha (space)
6. Kala (time)

These are called ṣaṭ-dravya (षट्-द्रव्य), meaning the six substances that constitute reality.

Guna (Attributes)

Each dravya possesses certain gunas (qualities or attributes). Some gunas are common to all dravyas (samanya guna), such as:

• Astitva (existence)
• Vastutva (functionality)
• Dravyatva (substantiality)
• Prameyatva (knowability)
• Agurulaghutva (constancy of individuality)
• Pradeshatva (extension in space)

Each dravya also has its own specific gunas (vishesha guna). For example:

• Jiva: consciousness (chetana), bliss, knowledge, etc.
• Pudgala: touch, taste, smell, color, etc.
• Dharma: medium of motion
• Adharma: medium of rest
• Akasha: accommodation
• Kala: function of time

Summary

• ṣaṭ-dravya = six substances (Jiva, Pudgala, Dharma, Adharma, Akasha, Kala)
• Guna = attributes inherent in each substance

These concepts are foundational to Jain metaphysics and ontology. If you have a specific question about any dravya or their gunas, feel free to ask!