“108 Pārśvanāth” generally means the 108 forms / names / idols of Bhagwān Pārśvanāth, the 23rd Tirthankara.

1. Who is Bhagwān Pārśvanāth?

• 23rd Tirthankar of current time-cycle.
• Symbol (lāñchhan): Sarpa / Nāg (snake) with 7 hoods.
• Main teachings specially remembered: strong emphasis on Ahiṁsā (non‑violence), Aparigraha (non‑possessiveness), Dharmic life with compassion.
• Both Śvetāmbara and Digambara traditions equally revere Him; details of life-story differ slightly, but not the basic greatness.

2. What is “108 Pārśvanāth”?

In Jain practice this commonly refers to:

1. 108 Names (Aṣṭottar‑śata Nāmāvalī)

- Devotees recite 108 different names of Pārśvanāth. - Each name remembers a special quality, place, or form of His worship, for example: Shankheśvar Pārśvanāth, Nakoda Pārśvanāth, Jirāwala Pārśvanāth, etc. - By taking these names, the bhāv is: “I bow to the infinite virtues of Pārśvanāth in all places and all forms.”

1. 108 Idols / Images (Mūrtis)

- In some temples and special Mahā‑pūjā or Mahā‑yajña, there are 108 small idols of Pārśvanāth arranged together. - Devotees do Aṣṭa‑prakārī Pūjā (jal, candan, puṣpa, dhūp, dīp, akṣat, naiivedya, phal) to all 108. - This is called “108 Pārśvanāth Mahā‑pūjan” or “108 Pārśvanāth Darśan”.

1. 108 Nām‑smaraṇ / Stuti

- Some paath / stutis or pāṭh-books include 108 mantra‑like lines, each praising a form or quality of Pārśvanāth. - Chanting them is considered very śubh for removal of obstacles, fear, disease and duḥkh, always with right faith and right conduct.

3. Why the number 108 is important?

Within Jain tradition:

• 108 is treated as a very śubh (auspicious) and complete number.
• It is often explained as:

- 9 × 12 (both spiritually meaningful numbers in Jain cosmology and rituals). - Also connected with counts like 108 guṇa‑smaraṇ, 108 prakār, etc.

• So, doing 108 nām‑jap, 108 pradakṣiṇā, 108 pūjā becomes a way to intensify devotion and concentration.

4. Basic bhāv while doing 108 Pārśvanāth

• Remember Pārśvanāth as Arihant: completely freed from all karma.
• Try to imitate His qualities in small ways:

- Speak truthfully and gently. - Avoid all violence (as much as possible in daily life). - Reduce attachment and anger.

• Mere counting “108” is not the goal; inner purity, śraddhā and samyak darśan are the real aim.

5. Digambara / Śvetāmbara viewpoint

• Both traditions accept the greatness of Pārśvanāth and his worship.
• Lists of 108 names or the exact Mahā‑pūjā vidhi can differ slightly by gaccha, paṭh, maṭh, or local tradition, but:

- The tattva (core doctrine) is the same: Bhagwān Pārśvanāth is a Kevalī, an Arihant, worthy of supreme worship.

You can read a simple explanation on this topic here