In Jain Dharma (and in Sanskrit/Prakrit logic and grammar), the words are:

• Utsarg (उत्सर्ग / उत्सर्ग नियम) – general rule
• Apvād / Apavād (अपवाद) – exception to that general rule

Simple meaning:

• Utsarg = the main, overall principle that normally applies in all situations.
• Apvād = a special case where, for a valid reason, that main rule does not apply, and a different, narrower rule is followed.

Jain dharmic context example:

• Utsarg:

Ahimsā (non‑violence) – “Do not kill or hurt any living being” is the general rule for all Jains.

• Apvād:

When you must take medicine that may contain very tiny life‑forms, or when a doctor has to operate to save a life – then, with right intention and minimum possible himsā, a special exception is allowed. The basic respect for ahimsā remains, but the application is adjusted for that situation.

So, in short:

• Utsarg = general rule.
• Apvād = specific, justified exception to that rule.