In Jainism, Agams (also spelled Āgamas) are the canonical scriptures that contain the teachings of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, as well as the knowledge passed down through the Jain tradition. The word "Agam" means "that which has come down," indicating teachings that have been transmitted through generations.

Types of Agams

The Agams are primarily divided into two main categories:

1. Anga Agams: These are the main canonical texts, considered the most authoritative. There are traditionally 12 Angas, but in the Śvetāmbara tradition, only 11 have survived.
2. Anga Bahya Agams: These are auxiliary texts, which supplement the Angas. They include Upanga Agams, Chedasutras, Mulasutras, and others.

Jain Sects and Agams

• Śvetāmbara Jains accept the currently available Agams as authentic and preserve them in written form.
• Digambara Jains believe that the original Agams were lost over time and do not accept the present Agams as entirely authentic. Instead, they follow texts like the Shatkhandagam and Kasayapahuda.

Contents of Agams

The Agams cover a wide range of subjects, including:

• Jain philosophy and ethics (Ahimsa, Aparigraha, etc.)
• Rules of conduct for monks, nuns, and laypeople
• Cosmology and metaphysics
• Stories of Tirthankaras and other spiritual leaders

Importance

The Agams are considered the foundational texts for understanding Jain doctrine, practice, and the path to liberation (moksha). They guide both spiritual and daily life for Jains.

Summary: Agams are the primary scriptures of Jainism, containing the teachings of Mahavira and forming the basis of Jain philosophy, ethics, and religious practice.