In Jain Darshan, parigraha (possessiveness/attachment) is of two main types: 1) Bāhya parigraha – outer / external possessions 2) Ābhyantara (Abhyantara) parigraha – inner / internal possessions

Below are the 10 outer and 14 inner types, in simple form.

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10 Types of Bāhya (Outer) Parigraha

These are external things we hold on to with attachment. Names and small details can differ slightly between texts and between Digambar–Śvetāmbara, but the basic meaning is the same.

1. Kṣetra – Land / Fields

- Attachment to land, plots, farms, properties, real estate, etc.

1. Vāstu / Bhavana – Houses / Buildings

- Attachment to houses, bungalows, shops, factories, etc.

1. Hiraṇya – Silver / Coins / Treasures

- Attachment to silver, coins, cash, jewellery made of silver, other stored treasures.

1. Suvarṇa – Gold

- Attachment to gold bars, ornaments, jewellery, etc.

1. Dhana – Wealth / Valuable Property / Cattle (in many lists)

- Attachment to general wealth: money, business assets, cattle, stock, etc.

1. Dhānya – Grain / Food Stock

- Attachment to stored grains, food-stocks, godowns full of eatables.

1. Dāsa – Male Servants

- Attachment to male servants or workers whom we treat like “our” property.

1. Dāsī – Female Servants

- Attachment to maidservants, etc., as if they are our possessions.

1. Kupya – Movable Valuables (Clothes, Ornaments, etc.)

- Attachment to clothes, expensive items, precious objects, special valuables.

1. Śayyāsana / Upakaraṇa – Beds & Furniture / Utensils

- Attachment to beds, sofas, rich furniture, utensils, vehicles, and other household equipment.

All these are called outer parigraha because they are outside the body, but the real bondage comes from inner attachment to them.

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14 Types of Ābhyantara (Internal) Parigraha

These are inner attachments and defects in our beliefs, emotions and passions. Classically they are given as:

(A) One Wrong Belief (Mithyātva)

1. Mithyātva – Wrong Belief / Delusion

- Not believing in true Tattvas (soul, karma, moksha, etc.). - Having faith in wrong paths, wrong gods, wrong gurus, wrong religion. - This is the root inner possession.

(B) Three Sex-Passions (Veda)

1. Puṃ-veda – Male Sex-Passion

- Strong sexual attraction toward males.

1. Strī-veda – Female Sex-Passion

- Strong sexual attraction toward females.

1. Napumsaka-veda – Neuter / Mixed Sex-Passion

- Perverse or mixed sexual tendencies; attraction not limited in a normal way.

These three are very powerful forms of inner attachment and cause deep karmic bondage.

(C) Six Defects (Doṣa)

1. Hāsya – Laughter (Mocking / Sensual Fun)

- Habit of constant joking, mocking, making fun, laughing in a light or vulgar way, away from dharma.

1. Rati – Liking / Zest / Over-Indulgent Joy

- Too much excitement, thrill, pleasure-seeking in worldly things.

1. Arati – Disliking / Boredom / Restlessness

- Not liking anything related to dharma; feeling bored and restless in spiritual work, satsang, etc.

1. Śoka – Sorrow / Grief

- Deep sadness, crying, depression due to worldly loss or situations, forgetting the soul’s true nature.

1. Bhaya – Fear

- Fear of death, disease, loss, insult, financial fall, etc., instead of trust in karma and dharma.

1. Jugupsā – Disgust / Hatred / Aversion

- Strong feeling of “I hate this person/thing”, inner irritation, mental rejection.

These six are called defects because they spoil inner peace and drag the mind outwards.

(D) Four Kaṣāyas (Major Passions)

1. Krodha – Anger

- Irritation, shouting, harshness, revengeful attitude.

1. Māna – Pride / Ego

- “I am great”, superiority feeling, insulted easily, wanting respect and status.

1. Māyā – Deceit

- Cheating, showing one thing outside and keeping something else inside, manipulating others.

1. Lobha – Greed

- Never satisfied; always wanting more money, comfort, praise, power, etc.

These four kaṣāyas are the main chains that keep the soul in saṃsāra.

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Summary

• 10 Bāhya parigraha = attachment to external things (land, houses, gold–silver, grain, servants, clothes, furniture, etc.).
• 14 Ābhyantara parigraha = attachment in the heart and mind (wrong belief, sex-passions, six defects like laughter–fear–sorrow, and the four great passions: anger, pride, deceit, greed).

Aparigraha-vrata (vow of non-possessiveness) means reducing and finally removing both:

• outer possessions (by limiting and using them for dharma), and
• inner possessions (by right faith, right knowledge and right conduct).

You can read a simple explanation of these types of parigraha here