In Jainism, the extremely large ages and heights of Tirthankars are linked to different time‑cycles (kaals) where human bodies, lifespans and environmental conditions were vastly different from today, so they are not meant to be compared with present‑day biology. Jain texts are “scientific” in the sense of being internally systematic and law‑based (e.g., on karma, loka, time‑cycles), but their numbers and cosmology follow Jain metaphysics, not modern laboratory science.