Śrāvak ke 12 Pratimā jain gṛhastha ke dhārmik anushthān aur tyāg ki kramik ūnchāi hain. Ye pakṣhāgāta (gradual discipline) ke roop me hoti hain — pahle dāna, shīla, vrata aur vairāgya ko majbūt karti hain, aur ant me tyāg ko bahut gahra karti hain.

Aam taur par inhe gṛhastha se vairāgya ki 12 seedhiyan kaha ja sakta hai. Inka uddeshya hai: ātrakti kam karna, ahimsā badhāna, aparigraha ko gahra karna, aur mokṣh-mārg ke liye taiyār hona.

Śrāvak ki 12 Pratimā

1. Dāna Pratimā

Is pratimā me śrāvak yogya pātron ko bhakti aur śuddh bhāva se dān deta hai. Dān sirf dhan ka nahi, balki ann, vastra, auṣadhi, jñān aur abhay dān bhi hota hai. Iska arth hai: gṛhastha hote hue bhi lobh kam karna aur tyāg ki bhāvana badhānā.

2. Sīla Pratimā

Isme śrāvak brahmacharya aur gṛhastha-jīvan me niyamit shuddhācāra ka palan karta hai. Iska uddeshya kāma-vāsanā par niyantran aur man ki pavitratā hai. Yah ācār ko sudhārti hai aur indriyon ko sanyam me rakhti hai.

3. Upabhoga-Paribhoga Parimāṇa Pratimā

Is pratimā me śrāvak bhog aur upbhog ki cheezon ki simā nirdhārit karta hai. Bhog = jo ek baar upyog ho; upbhog = jo baar-bār use ho. Jaise bhojan, vastra, ābhūṣhaṇ, ghar ki suvidhā, ityādi me maryādā rakhi jati hai. Isse lobh, pradarśan aur vyarth sangrah kam hota hai.

4. Anartha-Daṇḍa Virati Pratimā

Isme śrāvak binā kāraṇ ke pāp ya hāni-kārak pravṛtti se virat hota hai. Anartha-daṇḍa ke 4 mukhya rūp bataye jate hain:

• Apadhyān: pāp/hiṃsā se bhare vichār
• Pāpakathā: hāni-kārak, ashubh charchā
• Hiṃsā-dāna: kisi ko hiṃsā ke sadhan dena
• Pramāda/duṣpravṛtti: bina prayojan ke hāni karna

Is pratimā ka matlab hai: sirf pāp se bachna nahi, balki uske kāraṇon se bhi bachna.

5. Sāmāyika Pratimā

Isme śrāvak niyamit roop se sāmāyika dhyān aur samabhāv me sthit hota hai. Sāmāyika ka arth hai: man ko rāg-dveṣh se alag karke śānti aur samatā me sthir karna. Ye ātm-chintan aur shraddhā ko majbūt karti hai.

6. Deśāvakāśika Pratimā

Is pratimā me śrāvak apni gatividhi, vyavahār aur bhog-vilās ko aur simit karta hai. Deś = kuch nishchit kshetra; avakāśika = simit upayog. Yani ab jīvan aur adhik sankochit aur niyamit ho jata hai. Isse ātm-anushāsan aur vairāgya aur gahra hota hai.

7. Pauṣhadh Pratimā

Is pratimā me śrāvak nishchit samay ke liye gṛhastha-dharm ko chhodkar muni-jaisi charyā apnātā hai. Vah ek nishchit sthān par rahkar upvās, dhyān, svādhyāy aur pratyākhyān karta hai. Iska uddeshya hai: sansāri pravṛttiyon se alag hokar ātmā me lagn hona.

8. Atithi-Samvibhāg Pratimā

Isme śrāvak sādhu, sādhvī aur yogya atithi ko bhaktipurvak ahār-dān deta hai. Yah dān ahimsā, karuṇā aur seva-bhāva par ādhārit hota hai. Atithi-samvibhāg ka mool arth hai: apne upbhog se pahle tyāg aur seva ko mahatva dena.

9. Āraṃbha-Parigraha Tyāg Pratimā

Is pratimā me śrāvak ārambh aur parigraha ko aur kam karta hai. Ārambh = hāni-kārak vyavahār ya vyāpār ki pravṛtti Parigraha = sangrah, mamatā aur swamitva-bhāva Is sthiti me vyakti sansāri vastuon se aur adhik virakt hota hai.

10. Anagāra Pratimā

Is pratimā me śrāvak ka jīvan lagbhag gṛhastha se vairāgya ki or pūrṇ roop se mod leta hai. Vah parivārik aur sansārik bandhano ko bahut simit kar deta hai. Iska lakṣya hai ki vyakti muni-dharma ke bahut nikat pahunch jaye.

11. Uddiṣṭa Tyāg Pratimā

Isme śrāvak apne liye banāe gaye bhojan, vastra ya sukh-sadhan ka tyāg karta hai. Vah aisa ahār aur upayog leta hai jo uske liye alag se prayojit na ho. Isse swārth aur sukh-lipsā ko todne ka abhyās hota hai.

12. Śikṣhā Pratimā / Prāyopagamana Pratimā

Antim pratimā me śrāvak atyant tyāg aur vairāgya ki sthiti me pahunch jata hai. Isme deh, parigraha aur sansārik bandhano se gahra virāg hota hai. Kuch paramparāon me ise prāyopagamana ke roop me batāya jata hai, jahan jīvan ka antim dhārmik tyāg aur samādhi-bhāva pramukh hota hai.

Saral arth me

Śrāvak ki 12 pratimā ka mool uddeshya hai:

• pāp ko kam karna
• indriyon par niyantraṇ
• aparigraha badhānā
• bhakti aur seva ko majbūt karna
• muni-dharma ke nikat pahunchna

Kramik bhāv

In 12 pratimāon ko aise samjha ja sakta hai:

dān → shīla → niyaman → pāp-virati → sāmāyika → simit jīvan → pauṣhadh → seva-dān → aur adhik tyāg → vairāgya → atyant tyāg → pūrṇ dhārmik pariṇati

Yadi chāhe to main in 12 pratimāon ko ek saral table me, ya mukhya pratijñā ke saath yaad karne layak roop me bhi likh sakta hoon.