Jain fasts in a table
Here is a simple table of common Jain fasts:
| Fast / Vrat | Meaning | Usual Practice | Purpose | |---|---|---|---| | Upvas | Complete fast | No food, often no water for a set period | Purification, self-discipline, karma reduction | | Ayambil | Bland one-meal vow | One meal a day without ghee, oil, spices, sugar, or milk products | Control of taste and attachment | | Ekasana | One meal a day | Only one sitting meal in a day | Discipline and restraint | | Beasana | Two meals a day | Two simple meals in a day | Moderate restraint | | Tivihar Upvas | Fast with 3 types of abstinence | No food, no water, no medicine | Strong austerity | | Chauvihar Upvas | Fast with 4 types of abstinence | No food, no water, no bathing-related consumption, no medicine by mouth during vow period | Strict observance in some traditions | | Nivi | Partial fasting | Reduced food intake, simple diet | Gradual restraint | | Biyasal | Alternate-day eating pattern in some traditions | Eating every other day or as prescribed by guru/tradition | Austerity and control | | Chaath | Sixteen-upvas cycle in some regional usage | Repeated fasting pattern | Devotional austerity | | Navkashi | Delayed first meal | Eating after a fixed time, usually after sunrise | Daily self-control | | Porsi | Time-bound eating | Meal taken after a specific morning period | Discipline in routine | | Purimud | Later time-bound eating | Meal taken after a longer morning period | Greater restraint | | Bela / Tola | Short fasting forms in some communities | Limited food or simplified observance | Step-by-step austerity |
Common Jain festival fasts
| Fast | Occasion | Notes | |---|---|---| | Paryushan fasts | Paryushan / Das Lakshan | Often from simple restraint to full upvas | | Athiayi / Atthai | Eight-day fast | Eight consecutive days of austerity | | Masakshaman | One-month fast | Very severe penance | | Varshitap | Long penance over many months | Alternate fasting pattern, highly revered |Important note
- Practices can differ between Digambar and Shwetambar traditions, and also by region and guru-parampara.
- The exact rules for food, water, and timing should be followed according to one’s tradition.
If you want, I can also make a more detailed table with fasting rules, benefits, and examples.