In Jain cosmology, Dukham-Dukham Āra means the 6th and most painful era of the time cycle. It is the period of extreme sorrow, very low spiritual practice, short lifespan, and very difficult living conditions. It is also called Dukhama-Dukhama or Dukhamā-Dukhamā. ( jainknowledge.com)

In the Avasarpini half-cycle, this is the last āra; after it ends, the time cycle begins rising again with Utsarpini. ( jainknowledge.com)