Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasizes non-violence (ahimsa), non-possessiveness (aparigraha), and truth (satya) as fundamental principles for living a spiritual life. It teaches the path to spiritual purity and liberation (moksha) through right faith (samyak darshan), right knowledge (samyak jnana), and right conduct (samyak charitra).

Jainism believes that every living being has an eternal soul (jiva) and that all souls are equal and capable of achieving liberation by freeing themselves from karma, which binds the soul to the cycle of birth and death (samsara). The religion is known for its strict ethical code, including vegetarianism, non-violence in thought, word, and deed, and ascetic practices.

Jainism was historically propagated by the Tirthankaras, of whom Mahavira (6th century BCE) is considered the 24th and last in the current time cycle. Jain communities are mainly found in India and are known for their contributions to philosophy, art, and culture, as well as for their commitment to peace and compassion for all living beings.