In Jain philosophy, the five causes for an action or घटना to happen are:

1. Kāla — Time

The right time when something occurs.

1. Svabhāva — Inherent nature

The natural quality or tendency of a substance.

1. Niyati — Destiny / fixed order

The specific order of events due to karmic arrangement.

1. Nimitta — Instrumental cause

The supporting cause, person, or condition that helps the event happen.

1. Puruṣārtha — Effort

One’s own sincere effort or action.

In Jain view, all five work together, but purusharth (effort) is especially important because it is where the soul actively participates in karma and liberation.

If you want, I can also explain these in simple examples from daily life.