In Jainism, what modern science calls a “time-space continuum” is not described in that exact term, but the idea is understood through the six dravyas:

1. Jīva – soul
2. Pudgala – matter
3. Dharma – medium of motion
4. Adharma – medium of rest
5. Ākāśa – space
6. Kāla – time

Simple meaning

• Ākāśa (space) provides room for all substances to exist.
• Kāla (time) makes change, sequence, birth, decay, and transformation possible.
• Together, space and time are conditions under which worldly beings and matter exist and change.

Jain understanding

• Space is one all-pervading substance, but only the loka portion of space contains the universe of living and non-living things.
• Time is real in Jainism, and it is understood in two ways:

- Nischaya kāla: real time, the subtle basis of change - Vyavahāra kāla: practical time, like moments, days, years, cycles

Important point

Jainism does not present space and time as a single combined physical fabric in the same way modern physics speaks of spacetime. Instead, Jain philosophy treats space and time as separate realities among the fundamental substances of existence.

In short

In Jainism, the “time-space continuum” can be understood as the interdependent framework of ākāśa and kāla within which the soul and matter interact, move, rest, and undergo change.

If you want, I can also explain this in the context of lokākāśa, alokākāśa, and kāladravya in simple Jain terms.