what is known of pre mahavira?
In Jain tradition, “pre-Mahāvīra” refers to the era before Lord Mahāvīra, the 24th Tīrthaṅkara of the present time cycle.
What is known includes:
- 23 earlier Tīrthaṅkaras before Mahāvīra, beginning with Lord Ṛṣabhanātha and ending with Lord Pārśvanātha.
- These Tīrthaṅkaras are regarded as spiritual illuminators who revived the path of liberation.
- The Jain path itself is considered eternal; Tīrthaṅkaras do not create dharma, but reveal and restore it in each age.
- Pārśvanātha, the 23rd Tīrthaṅkara, is historically the closest pre-Mahāvīra Tīrthaṅkara and is especially important in Jain memory.
- In Jain cosmology, the lives of the Tīrthaṅkaras are described in the Āgamas, Purāṇic texts, and later Jain literature with detailed accounts of births, renunciation, austerity, and liberation.
- Before Mahāvīra, the śramaṇa tradition and the ideal of non-violence, renunciation, and self-discipline were already established in Jain understanding.
A simple way to say it is:
Before Mahāvīra, Jain Dharma was already present through the earlier Tīrthaṅkaras, especially Pārśvanātha, and Mahāvīra restored and clarified that eternal path for the present age.
If you want, I can also give:
- a list of the 23 pre-Mahāvīra Tīrthaṅkaras, or
- a short Jain timeline from Ṛṣabhanātha to Mahāvīra.