In Jain दर्शन, the two perspectives are usually understood as:

1) Nishchay Naya — the real / inner perspective

• This looks at the true nature of the soul.
• It focuses on what is ultimately real.
• From this view, the soul is pure consciousness, separate from karma, body, and worldly attachments.

Example: The soul is intrinsically pure, knowing, and blissful.

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2) Vyavahar Naya — the practical / worldly perspective

• This looks at things in daily conduct and practical life.
• It speaks from the standpoint of the soul bound with karma and living in the world.
• This view is useful for spiritual practice, discipline, and teaching.

Example: We say, “I am unhappy,” or “I must do tapa, samayik, and pratikraman,” because in worldly conduct the soul is identified with the body and mind.

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Simple difference

• Nishchay = what the soul truly is
• Vyavahar = how we practically deal with spiritual life

Why both are important

• Nishchay gives the correct final understanding.
• Vyavahar gives the step-by-step path to reach that understanding.

In Jain Dharma, both are needed:

• If only nishchay is spoken without practice, it can become empty knowledge.
• If only vyavahar is followed without real understanding, it may remain external.

So, the two perspectives help us understand truth and practice together.