Praman gnan subtypes

Pramāṇa Jñāna in Jain philosophy means valid or right knowledge.

Its main subtypes are:

1. Pratyaksha Pramāṇa – direct knowledge

- Knowledge gained directly by the soul. - Includes: - Mati jñāna – sensory and mental knowledge - Shrut jñāna – scriptural knowledge - Avadhi jñāna – clairvoyant knowledge - Manahparyava jñāna – telepathic knowledge - Keval jñāna – absolute knowledge - In some Jain traditions, only Keval jñāna is called true direct pramāṇa in the highest sense, while others classify more broadly.

1. Paroksha Pramāṇa – indirect knowledge

- Knowledge gained through means like words, signs, inference, memory, comparison, etc. - Common subtypes include: - Smriti – memory - Pratyabhijñā – recognition - Tarka – reasoning - Anumāna – inference - Āgama / Shruta – scriptural testimony in some classifications

Short form

• Pratyaksha = direct
• Paroksha = indirect

If you want, I can also give the full Jain classification of jñāna in a neat chart.