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  • yes please the names of the 32 Aagams - their meaning and विषय - grouping/classification - Digambar and Shwetambar differences - simple explanations of each Aagam
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    Jain Follower

    yes please the names of the 32 Aagams - their meaning and विषय - grouping/classification - Digambar and Shwetambar differences - simple explanations of each Aagam

    3 months ago 49

    Yes — here is a simple, clear Jain explanation.

    Important note first

    The phrase “32 Aagams” is used in some Śvetāmbara study traditions, but the exact counting can vary by school and text-recension. So, instead of forcing one rigid list, I’m giving you the commonly taught core Aagams in a 32-text framework.

    ---

    1) Main grouping / classification of the Aagams

    In Śvetāmbara tradition, Aagamic texts are broadly grouped as:

    1. Ang Aagams – 11
    2. Upang Aagams – 12
    3. Moolsutras – 4
    4. Chedsutras – 5 in this 32-count framework

    That gives 32.

    ---

    2) The 32 Aagams — names, meaning, and simple विषय

    A. 11 Ang Aagams

    These are the main limb-texts of the canon.

    1. Ācārāṅga Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text of conduct - Subject: Jain discipline, monk-life, अहिंसा, self-control

    1. Sūtrakṛtāṅga Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text of doctrines / principles - Subject: Jain philosophy, criticism of wrong views, right belief

    1. Sthānāṅga Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text of categories / places - Subject: Subjects arranged in numerical order, Jain classifications

    1. Samavāyāṅga Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text of collective enumerations - Subject: Larger numerical groupings, Jain cosmology and classifications

    1. Vyākhyāprajñapti / Bhagavatī Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text of explanations and questions - Subject: Very large text on philosophy, जीव, कर्म, cosmology, debate

    1. Jñātādharmakathāṅga Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text of known religious stories - Subject: Parables, moral stories, examples of dharma

    1. Upāsakadashāṅga Sūtra

    - Meaning: Ten chapters on lay followers - Subject: Conduct of श्रावक, household ethics, lay vows

    1. Antakṛddaśāṅga Sūtra

    - Meaning: Ten chapters on those who ended bondage - Subject: Souls who attained liberation through practice

    1. Anuttaropapātikadaśāṅga Sūtra

    - Meaning: Ten chapters on supreme heavenly rebirth - Subject: Souls reborn in the highest heavenly worlds

    1. Praśnavyākaraṇa Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text of questions and answers - Subject: Ethical answers, sin, merit, conduct

    1. Vipākaśruta Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text on results / karmic fruition - Subject: How karmas produce pleasant or painful results

    ---

    B. 12 Upāṅga Aagams

    These are the subsidiary texts of the Ang Aagams.

    1. Aupapātika Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text on spontaneous birth - Subject: Heavenly and hellish birth, spiritual states

    1. Rājapraśnīya Sūtra

    - Meaning: Questions of the king - Subject: Dialogues on soul, karma, spirituality

    1. Jīvābhigama Sūtra

    - Meaning: Classification of living beings - Subject: Types of jīvas, life-forms, जीव-विज्ञान

    1. Prajñāpanā Sūtra

    - Meaning: Explanatory text - Subject: Detailed classification of soul, matter, world, karma

    1. Sūryaprajñapti Sūtra

    - Meaning: Explanation of the Sun - Subject: Sun, astronomy, cosmic structure

    1. Jambūdvīpa-prajñapti Sūtra

    - Meaning: Explanation of Jambūdvīpa - Subject: Jain geography and cosmic continents

    1. Candraprajñapti Sūtra

    - Meaning: Explanation of the Moon - Subject: Moon, time, astronomy

    1. Nirayāvalikā Sūtra

    - Meaning: Series on hellish births - Subject: Suffering caused by bad karma

    1. Kalpāvataṃsikā Sūtra

    - Meaning: Garland of heavenly stories - Subject: Celestial births and karma

    1. Puṣpikā Sūtra

    - Meaning: Flower-like text - Subject: Heavenly beings, karmic fruits

    1. Puṣpacūlikā Sūtra

    - Meaning: Flower-crested text - Subject: Related heavenly and karmic narratives

    1. Vṛṣṇidaśā Sūtra

    - Meaning: Ten chapters of the Vṛṣṇi clan - Subject: Jain history and related stories

    ---

    C. 4 Mūlasūtras

    These are basic foundational texts for study and practice.

    1. Āvaśyaka Sūtra

    - Meaning: Daily essentials - Subject: Essential daily practices, repentance, worship, self-review

    1. Daśavaikālika Sūtra

    - Meaning: Tenfold code for monks - Subject: Monastic discipline, ethics, conduct

    1. Uttarādhyayana Sūtra

    - Meaning: Later or concluding teachings - Subject: Core Jain teachings, stories, renunciation, ethics

    1. Oghaniryukti

    - Meaning: Practical code / explanation - Subject: Monastic rules, conduct, practical discipline

    ---

    D. 5 Chedsūtras in this 32-count framework

    These deal mainly with monastic discipline, faults, penance, and correction.

    1. Daśāśrutaskandha

    - Meaning: Sections on ten-fold discipline - Subject: Rules, faults, penance, monastic order

    1. Kalpa Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text of proper conduct / chronology - Subject: Lives of Tīrthaṅkaras, especially Mahāvīra; monastic rules

    1. Vyavahāra Sūtra

    - Meaning: Text of procedure / legal conduct - Subject: Discipline, confession, penance, procedures in monastic life

    1. Niśītha Sūtra

    - Meaning: Night-time / strict code text - Subject: Very strict monastic discipline and prohibited conduct

    1. Jitakalpa Sūtra

    - Meaning: Conquered disciplinary code - Subject: Rules of correction, penance, and orderly conduct

    ---

    3) Simple classification in one view

    By subject

    • Conduct and discipline: Ācārāṅga, Daśavaikālika, Vyavahāra, Niśītha, Jitakalpa
    • Philosophy and doctrine: Sūtrakṛtāṅga, Bhagavatī, Prajñāpanā
    • Stories and examples: Jñātādharmakathā, Upāsakadashā, Antakṛddaśā, Anuttaropapātikadaśā, Vipākaśruta
    • Cosmology and astronomy: Sthānāṅga, Samavāyāṅga, Sūryaprajñapti, Candraprajñapti, Jambūdvīpa-prajñapti
    • Living beings and karma: Jīvābhigama, Prajñāpanā, Nirayāvalikā, Kalpāvataṃsikā, Puṣpikā, Puṣpacūlikā

    ---

    4) Digambar and Śvetāmbara differences

    Śvetāmbara view

    • Śvetāmbaras accept the Aagam canon as preserved in their tradition.
    • They study texts in Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit.
    • The Aagams are central for scriptural authority.

    Digambar view

    • Digambaras hold that the original complete Aagams were not preserved in full.
    • So they do not accept the Śvetāmbara Aagams as the final canonical scripture in the same way.
    • Digambar authority is given more to texts like:
    - Ṣaṭkhaṇḍāgama - Kaṣāyapāhuḍa - and later revered works by ācāryas

    Main practical difference

    • Śvetāmbara: Aagams are the main scripture tradition.
    • Digambar: The original Aagams are considered largely lost; later authoritative works are emphasized.

    ---

    5) Very simple one-line meaning of “Aagam”

    Aagam means: the sacred teachings received through the Tīrthaṅkaras and preserved by the Ganadharas and śruta tradition.

    ---

    If you want, I can next make this into a very neat one-page table in Hindi-English, which is easier to memorize.

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