Answer

In Jain Dharma, the 24 Tirthankaras are not “gods” in the creator sense. They are the greatest spiritual teachers who have conquered inner passions and shown the path to liberation.

The other gods and goddesses in Jainism are generally:

• Devas and Devis: heavenly beings living in celestial realms
• Yakshas and Yakshinis: protective deities associated with Tirthankaras
• Other celestial beings: beings with great power, beauty, and long life

Explanation

In Jainism, these beings are respected, but they are not supreme and not eternal creators.

Important points:

• They are still within samsara — the cycle of birth and death
• They still have karma
• They can have great powers, but they are not omniscient like a Tirthankara
• They cannot give final liberation to anyone

So, in Jain thought:

• Tirthankaras = liberated teachers and guides
• Devas/Devis = powerful heavenly beings
• Yakshas/Yakshinis = protective deities

Spiritual Understanding

Jain Dharma teaches us to place our highest devotion in the 24 Tirthankaras because they reveal the path to moksha.

Other deities may be honored respectfully, but they are not the ultimate refuge. The real goal is to follow the path of:

• right faith
• right knowledge
• right conduct

Takeaway

So, the “other gods and goddesses” in Jainism are mainly heavenly and protective beings, not creator gods. They are respected, but the 24 Tirthankaras remain the highest spiritual ideals.