In Jainism, "upsarg" refers to obstacles, troubles, or persecutions faced by Tirthankaras, especially during their spiritual journey. Bhagwan Mahavir, the 24th Tirthankara, faced several upsargs (hardships or afflictions) while practicing penance and preaching. These upsargs were meant to test his steadfastness, compassion, and non-violence.

Some notable upsargs faced by Mahavir Swami:

1. Chandkaushik Naag: Once, a poisonous snake named Chandkaushik bit Mahavir Swami multiple times, but he remained calm, filled with compassion, and did not retaliate. The snake was eventually pacified by Mahavir’s peaceful aura.

1. Chandana (Chanda): A cruel man named Chanda inflicted severe physical pain on Mahavir Swami by piercing his ears with nails, but the Tirthankara endured this without any anger or hatred.

1. Sangam: A cowherd named Sangam set dogs upon Mahavir Swami and inflicted other physical torments, but Mahavir Swami remained unperturbed and compassionate.

1. Goshala Mankhaliputra: An ascetic named Goshalak tried to harm Mahavir Swami through his psychic powers but failed.

1. Sixteen Great Upsargs (Solah Maha Upsarg): According to Jain texts, Mahavir Swami endured sixteen major upsargs during his spiritual practices. These included being subjected to hunger, thirst, violence, ridicule, and various forms of physical and mental torment by different individuals and situations.

Significance of these Upsargs:

• They demonstrate Mahavir Swami's supreme patience (kshama), non-violence (ahimsa), and equanimity (samayik).
• They serve as spiritual lessons for Jains, highlighting the importance of forgiveness, compassion, and steadfastness in the face of adversity.

The stories of Mahavir Swami’s upsargs are often recited during Jain festivals like Mahavir Jayanti and Paryushan to inspire devotees to practice tolerance and non-violence in their lives.