Answer

In Jain Dharma, tapas means spiritual austerity or disciplined penance. It is generally divided into two main types:

Explanation

1) Bahya Tapas (External Austerities)

• Ānashan – Fasting
• Unodari – Eating less than needed
• Vritti-sanksep – Limiting food, desires, or possessions
• Rasa-tyag – Giving up tasty foods
• Kāya-klesha – Bearing physical discomfort willingly
• Sanlinatā – Living with restraint and simplicity

2) Abhyantar Tapas (Internal Austerities)

• Prāyashchitta – Repentance and confession of faults
• Vinay – Humility and respect
• Vaiyāvṛtya – Selfless सेवा / service
• Svādhyāya – Self-study and scriptural study
• Dhyān – Meditation
• Vyutsarga – Letting go of attachment to the body and ego

Spiritual Understanding

Tapas helps reduce karmic bondage and strengthens the soul’s purity. In Jainism, tapas is not only physical fasting, but also inner discipline, humility, and meditation.

Takeaway

The main tapas in Jainism are:

• 6 External Tapas
• 6 Internal Tapas

If you want, I can also give you this list in Gujarati or in a simple table.