Santhara, also known as Sallekhana, is a religious practice in Jainism in which a person voluntarily embraces a peaceful and gradual death by fasting. This is done when one feels that their life’s purposes have been served, or when facing unavoidable calamity, terminal illness, or old age, and continuing to live would involve more violence (himsa) or attachment (moha).

Key points about Santhara/Sallekhana:

• It is considered a highly respected and spiritual vow, undertaken with the full consent and awareness of the individual.
• The practice is not seen as suicide in Jain philosophy, but as a final act of spiritual purification, shedding all passions and attachments.
• The person gradually reduces intake of food and water under the guidance of monks or spiritual elders, focusing on prayers, meditation, and repentance.
• It is viewed as an act of supreme renunciation, in line with the Jain principles of Ahimsa (non-violence), Aparigraha (non-attachment), and Samyama (self-control).

Scriptural References:

• Sallekhana is mentioned in texts such as the Tattvartha Sutra (chapter 7) and the Uttaradhyayana Sutra.
• It is one of the twelve forms of vows (vratas) in Jainism, called Sallekhana Vrata.

Cultural Practice:

• Common among both Jain monks and laypersons, though more frequent among ascetics.
• The process is accompanied by spiritual practices, confession, forgiveness, and renunciation of desires.

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