Answer

In Jain cosmology, the universe is broadly divided into three parts:

• Urdhvaloka — upper world
• Madhyaloka — middle world
• Adholoka — lower world

If you mean “12 lok”, that is not the common main division in Jain Dharma. The more standard teaching is the 3 loks above.

Explanation

Madhyaloka is the middle world where human beings, animals, birds, plants, rivers, mountains, islands, and many earthly beings exist.

It includes:

• Jambudvipa and other dvipas/samudras in Jain cosmology
• The region where human life is possible
• The area where souls can practice dharma, tap, and liberation path

In Jain thought:

• Urdhvaloka = realms of celestial beings
• Madhyaloka = our world, the human realm
• Adholoka = realms of hellish beings

Spiritual Understanding

Madhyaloka is very important because it is considered the best place for spiritual progress. Only in the human realm do we get the balance of:

• freedom to choose
• ability to understand dharma
• opportunity to observe vows, penance, and self-discipline

That is why human birth in Madhyaloka is highly valued in Jainism.

Takeaway

Madhyaloka is the middle world in Jain cosmology, and it is the most important realm for practicing dharma and moving toward liberation.

If you want, I can also explain the full Jain cosmology chart of Urdhvaloka, Madhyaloka, and Adholoka in simple language.