Most important sutras one should know
In Jainism, "sutras" refer to canonical scriptures and aphorisms that encapsulate the core teachings of the religion. While there are many sutras in the Jain Agamas and later texts, some of the most important and foundational ones that every practitioner or student should be familiar with include:
1. Namokar Mantra (Navkar Mantra) This is the most sacred and fundamental prayer in Jainism. It pays respect to the five supreme beings:
णमो अरिहंताणं । णमो सिद्धाणं । णमो आयरियाणं । णमो उवज्झायाणं । णमो लोए सव्व साहूणं । Translation: I bow to the Arihants (victorious souls), I bow to the Siddhas (liberated souls), I bow to the Acharyas (spiritual leaders), I bow to the Upadhyayas (spiritual teachers), I bow to all the Sadhus (saints) in the world.
2. Ratnatraya Sutra (Three Jewels) The three core principles of Jainism expressed in brief:
- सम्यग्दर्शन (Right Faith)
- सम्यग्ज्ञान (Right Knowledge)
- सम्यक्चरित्र (Right Conduct)
3. Barasa Anuvrata Sutra (Twelve Vows of a Layperson) These are the twelve vows (five main, seven supplementary) taken by Jain lay followers (śrāvakas), including:
- अहिंसाणुव्रत (Minor vow of non-violence)
- सत्याणुव्रत (Minor vow of truth)
- अस्तेयाणुव्रत (Minor vow of non-stealing)
- ब्रह्मचर्याणुव्रत (Minor vow of celibacy)
- अपरिग्रहाणुव्रत (Minor vow of non-possessiveness)
- And the seven supplementary vows.
4. Dasavaikalika Sutra This is a canonical text for monks and nuns, containing many essential verses on conduct and discipline.
5. Uvasaggaharam Stotra A prayer to Tirthankara Parshvanath, recited for protection and removal of obstacles.
6. Kalyanaka Stavans Hymns sung in praise of the auspicious events in the lives of the Tirthankaras, such as the Chattari Mangalam Stotra.
7. Forgiveness Sutra (Kshamapana Sutra) Especially recited during Paryushana and Samvatsari:
Micchāmi Dukkaḍaṃ (I seek forgiveness for any hurt caused intentionally or unintentionally.)
8. Samayik Sutra A prayer and set of verses recited during the practice of equanimity (samayik), emphasizing non-violence and right conduct.
These sutras and prayers form the foundation of Jain spiritual practice, ethical conduct, and daily rituals, and are considered essential for every follower to know and reflect upon.