In Jainism, "108 Parshwanath Ekasna" refers to a special religious practice associated with Lord Parshwanath, the 23rd Tirthankara. Here is an explanation based on Jain teachings:

Ekasna means taking only one meal a day, typically before sunset, and is considered an act of self-restraint and penance (tapa). "108 Parshwanath Ekasna" is a vrata (vow or spiritual observance) in which a devotee observes Ekasna for 108 consecutive days, with devotion towards Lord Parshwanath.

Purpose and Significance

• Spiritual Merit (Punya): This vrata is believed to help in purification of the soul, reduction of karma, and spiritual upliftment.
• Devotion: It is performed with bhakti (devotion) to Lord Parshwanath, often seeking his blessings for spiritual progress, well-being, or fulfillment of wishes.
• Discipline: It fosters self-discipline, simplicity, and mindfulness in eating and daily conduct.

How It Is Observed

1. Resolve (Nischay): The devotee takes a vow to observe Ekasna for 108 days, either consecutively or within a stipulated period (sometimes with breaks due to unavoidable circumstances, but the intent is for 108 days).
2. Daily Practice:

- The devotee has only one meal a day, usually before sunset (as per Jain dietary rules). - The meal is simple, often with restrictions on certain foods to increase austerity. - Before eating, prayers or stavan (devotional songs) dedicated to Lord Parshwanath are recited. - Many also read or listen to Parshwanath's life stories, perform puja, or meditate.

1. Completion: On the 108th day, special puja or abhishek (ritual bathing of the idol) of Lord Parshwanath is often performed, and the vrata is concluded with gratitude and prayer.

Additional Notes

• Some observe this vrata individually, while others do it as a group (sangh).
• It is not mandatory in Jainism but is a popular and respected practice among devotees, especially during periods of special significance like Paryushan or Parshwanath Jayanti.
• As with all Jain tapasya, the intention (bhav) of purity and non-attachment is considered more important than the mere external act.

If you are considering performing this vrata, it is advisable to consult with a learned Jain monk (sadhu/sadhvi) or scholar for proper guidance and to understand any specific rules as per your Jain tradition (Shwetambar or Digambar).