Answer

In Jainism, the “two parts” usually refers to the two main traditions:

• Digambar
• Shvetambar

Both follow the same core Jain principles: Ahimsa, Anekantvad, Aparigraha, karma theory, liberation of the soul, and reverence for the 24 Tirthankars.

Explanation

The separation developed over time due to differences in:

• Monastic practices — Digambar monks traditionally give up all possessions, including clothing, while Shvetambar monks wear white clothes.
• Scriptural traditions — Shvetambars preserve Agams as scriptures, while Digambars believe the original Agams were gradually lost and rely on later authoritative texts.
• Historical circumstances — Differences grew due to migration, famine, regional separation, and changes in monastic discipline.
• Ritual and image worship practices — There are differences in temple customs, idol appearance, and rituals.

Spiritual Understanding

Even though there are differences in practice and scripture, the spiritual goal remains the same: moksha, liberation from karma and the cycle of birth and death.

Both traditions honor Bhagwan Mahavir and teach self-discipline, non-violence, truth, detachment, and purification of the soul.

Takeaway

The two main parts of Jainism arose because of historical and practical differences, but their foundation is the same: purifying the soul through right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct.