Answer

In Jain cosmology, Jambudweep is described as a vast, circular landmass located at the center of Madhyalok.

Yes, living beings exist in many parts of Jambudweep, so from the Jain traditional viewpoint, conditions necessary for life are present where humans, animals, and other beings live. However, Jain scriptures do not usually describe this in modern scientific terms like “oxygen.”

Jambudweep is generally described as a flat, circular island-continent, surrounded by ocean, not as a globe-shaped planet.

Explanation

According to Jain cosmology:

• Jambudweep is circular in shape.
• It is located in the middle region of the universe, called Madhyalok.
• It contains important regions such as Bharat Kshetra, Airavat Kshetra, and Mahavideh Kshetra.
• It is surrounded by the Lavan Samudra.
• It is not described as a spherical planet in traditional Jain cosmology.

About whether it is “connected”: Jambudweep itself is one continuous island-continent, but within it there are mountains, regions, rivers, and divisions. Some regions are separated by great mountain ranges, so not all areas are easily accessible from one another.

Spiritual Understanding

In Jain Dharma, descriptions of Jambudweep are not only geographical. They also help us understand:

• where human birth occurs,
• where Tirthankars appear,
• where liberation can be pursued,
• and how vast and orderly the Jain universe is.

The most spiritually important point is that Bharat Kshetra, where we live according to Jain tradition, is a rare place where one can hear Dharma, practice self-restraint, and move toward moksha.

Takeaway

Traditionally, Jambudweep is understood as a flat, circular, connected island-continent in Madhyalok. Jain texts describe life-supporting regions there, but they do not usually explain them using the modern scientific term “oxygen.”