In Jainism, the Navkar Mantra (Namokar Mantra) is the most sacred and fundamental prayer, offering obeisance to the Panch Parmesthi (five supreme beings). The standard way to recite the Navkar Mantra is in its traditional forward sequence:

Namo Arihantanam Namo Siddhanam Namo Ayariyanam Namo Uvajjhayanam Namo Loe Savva Sahunam

However, in certain Jain rituals and spiritual practices, the Navkar Mantra is chanted in reverse order (beginning from "Namo Loe Savva Sahunam" and ending with "Namo Arihantanam"). This practice is known as "Ulta Navkar" or "Reverse Navkar Mantra."

Purpose and Significance:

1. Austerity and Spiritual Power (Tapa and Shakti): Chanting the Navkar Mantra in reverse is considered a form of austerity (tapa) that requires extra focus and concentration. It is believed to enhance one's spiritual energy (shakti) and inner strength.

1. Breaking Obstacles: In Jain rituals, especially during difficult times or to overcome obstacles (antaraya karma), the reverse Navkar Mantra is sometimes recited with the belief that it can help remove negative energies and difficulties.

1. Special Rituals and Pratikraman: During some special rituals, penitential practices (pratikraman), or certain "vidhis" (procedures), the reverse Navkar is chanted to invoke special benefits or to emphasize humility by starting from the broadest group (all monks) and moving towards the most spiritually advanced (Arihants).

1. Symbolism of Return to Source: Spiritually, chanting in reverse can symbolize the journey of the soul returning from the worldly state (represented by Sadhus) to the purest state (Arihant), reflecting the path of spiritual purification.

Important Note: While chanting the reverse Navkar Mantra is practiced in some Jain traditions and rituals, it is not a mandatory or routine practice for all Jains. The principal focus in Jainism remains on the correct understanding, devotion, and meaning behind the Namokar Mantra, whether chanted forward or in reverse.

References:

• Jain Agams and commentaries on rituals
• "Jain Shastras" and "Navkar Mantra Mahima"
• Guidance from Jain monks and scholars