In Jainism, the "22 sufferings" (Baavis Upasargas) are the various types of sufferings or afflictions that a soul undergoes in the cycle of birth and death (samsara). Recognizing these sufferings helps aspirants develop detachment and strive for liberation (moksha). The 22 sufferings are described in Jain scriptures, such as Tattvartha Sutra (Tattvarthadhigama Sutra) and Uttaradhyayana Sutra.

Here are the 22 sufferings (Baavis Upasargas):

1. जन्म (Janma) – Birth
2. जरा (Jaraa) – Old age
3. मृत्यु (Mrityu) – Death
4. शोक (Shoka) – Grief
5. दुख (Dukha) – Pain
6. भय (Bhaya) – Fear
7. निक्रूश (Nikrusha) – Abuse
8. बन्धन (Bandhana) – Bondage/imprisonment
9. वेदना (Vedana) – Physical suffering
10. तृषा (Trisha) – Thirst
11. क्षुधा (Kshudha) – Hunger
12. दारिद्र्य (Daridrya) – Poverty
13. रोग (Roga) – Disease
14. तृष्णा (Trishna) – Craving/desire
15. अपमान (Apamaan) – Insult
16. परिश्रम (Parishrama) – Toil/labor
17. व्यसन (Vyasana) – Misfortune
18. भय (Bhaya) – Fear (sometimes listed twice for emphasis)
19. चौर्य (Chaurya) – Theft/robbery
20. दुष्टजन-संघ (Dushtajana-Sangha) – Association with wicked people
21. वियोग (Viyoga) – Separation from loved ones
22. अभाव (Abhava) – Non-fulfillment of desires

These sufferings are a reminder of the inherent pain and impermanence in worldly existence, motivating spiritual aspirants to seek liberation from the cycle of birth and death.