Answer

Jain Dharma mein Tapasya ke mukhya 12 naam bataye gaye hain.

6 Bahya Tap:

• Anshan – Upvas karna
• Unodari – Bhookh se kam khana
• Vritti-Sankshep – Bhojan ki ichchha aur vikalp kam karna
• Rasa-Tyag – Swadisht ras ka tyag karna
• Kaya-Klesh – Sharir ko dharmik niyam se sahan karna
• Sanlinata – Indriyon aur man ko sanyam mein rakhna

6 Abhyantar Tap:

• Prayashchitta – Apni bhool ka pashchatap
• Vinay – Namrata aur guru-bhakti
• Vaiyavritya – Sadhu-Sadhvi aur dharm seva
• Swadhyay – Shastra adhyayan
• Vyutsarga / Kayotsarga – Sharir se mamta chhodkar dhyan karna
• Dhyana – Atma mein ekagrata

Takeaway

Tapasya ka uddeshya sirf sharir ko kasht dena nahi, balki karma nirjara, indriya-sanyam, aur atma-shuddhi hai.