Answer

In Jain cosmology:

• Palyopam is an extremely large unit of time.
• Sagaropam is much larger than Palyopam.
• 1 Sagaropam = 10 crore × 10 crore Palyopam according to traditional Jain time-measurement understanding.

Ādināth Bhagwan’s age: Lord Ādināth, the 1st Tirthankar of the present Avasarpiṇī, lived for 84 lakh pūrva years.

Length of day from 1st Ara to 4th Ara: In Jain tradition, the 1st to 3rd Aras had extraordinary conditions of lifespan, body height, happiness, and environment. The 4th Ara is the period in which Tirthankars appear. However, the commonly stated Jain cosmological descriptions mainly give the duration of each Ara, not a changing “24-hour day length” for each Ara in the ordinary modern sense.

Explanation

Jain time is divided into two great half-cycles:

• Utsarpiṇī – ascending time cycle
• Avasarpiṇī – descending time cycle

Each has 6 Aras. We are currently in the 5th Ara of Avasarpiṇī.

The first four Aras of the present Avasarpiṇī are traditionally described as:

• 1st Ara – Sukham Sukhamā: extreme happiness
• 2nd Ara – Sukhamā: great happiness
• 3rd Ara – Sukhamā Dukhamā: happiness mixed with the beginning of decline
• 4th Ara – Dukhamā Sukhamā: sorrow mixed with some happiness; the time of Tirthankars

Their durations are traditionally given in enormous measures such as koda-kodi Sagaropam, and later in ordinary years for the end part of the 4th Ara.

Spiritual Understanding

The purpose of these huge time units is not only mathematical. Jain Dharma uses them to show:

• the vastness of saṃsāra,
• how rare human birth is,
• how rare the presence of Tirthankars is,
• and how precious the opportunity for samyak darshan, right conduct, and moksha-marg truly is.

Ādināth Bhagwan appeared in the 3rd Ara and established the path of Dharma, social order, agriculture, arts, and spiritual discipline for human beings.

Takeaway

Palyopam is immense, Sagaropam is vastly greater, and Ādināth Bhagwan’s lifespan was 84 lakh pūrva years. For the “length of a day” in the 1st to 4th Ara, Jain tradition primarily describes the duration and conditions of the Aras, not a separate changing day-length like modern astronomical hours.