Answer

The four major gacchas under the Śvetāmbara Mūrtipūjak tradition are generally understood as:

• Tapā Gaccha
• Kharatara Gaccha
• Añcala Gaccha
• Pāyaca Gaccha

Explanation

In the Śvetāmbara Mūrtipūjak tradition, a gaccha refers to a monastic lineage or religious order. These gacchas developed over time within the broader Śvetāmbara Jain tradition, often connected with specific ācāryas, lineages, codes of conduct, and historical centers of learning and practice.

Among them, Tapā Gaccha became especially prominent and widely followed in later centuries.

Takeaway

The gacchas represent respected monastic lineages within Śvetāmbara Mūrtipūjak Jainism, preserving discipline, scriptural learning, temple worship, and Jain spiritual practice.