In Jainism, asteya and aparigraha are both important ethical vows (vratas) but they address different aspects of conduct:

Asteya (Non-stealing)

• Definition: Asteya means non-stealing. It is the vow to not take anything that is not willingly given by its rightful owner.
• Qualitative Aspect: It focuses on honesty and respect for others' property and rights. It forbids not only outright theft but also deceit, cheating, and even the desire to possess what belongs to others.
• Scope: This vow applies to both actions and intentions related to acquiring things unfairly.

Aparigraha (Non-possession or Non-attachment)

• Definition: Aparigraha means non-possession or non-attachment. It is the vow to limit one’s possessions and not to be attached to wealth, objects, or even relationships.
• Qualitative Aspect: It targets the internal attitude of attachment and greed, encouraging detachment and contentment. It is not just about limiting physical possessions, but also about not being emotionally or mentally attached to them.
• Scope: This vow is broader, dealing with both material and psychological aspects of possession and attachment.

Qualitative Difference

• Asteya deals with external actions—how we acquire things (righteousness in acquisition).
• Aparigraha deals with internal attitude—how we relate to what we possess (detachment and limitation).

In summary: Asteya is about not taking what is not yours; Aparigraha is about not being attached to what is yours (or limiting your possessions and desires). Both are essential for reducing karma and progressing on the path of liberation in Jainism.