Jainism is one of the oldest religions in India, with roots that trace back to ancient times. According to Jain tradition, its teachings are eternal and were revealed in each cycle of time by 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers). The first Tirthankara of this era is Rishabhanatha, and the 24th and most recent is Mahavira (599–527 BCE).

Key points in the history of Jainism:

1. Prehistoric Origins: Jainism asserts its teachings are timeless, but historically, evidence of Jain-like practices and symbols (such as the swastika) have been found in the Indus Valley Civilization.

1. Tirthankaras: The tradition holds that there have been countless Tirthankaras. In the current age, 24 Tirthankaras have appeared, with Mahavira being the last. Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, is also a prominent figure and is believed to have lived about 250 years before Mahavira.

1. Mahavira (599–527 BCE): Mahavira is considered the reformer and most recent teacher of Jainism. He emphasized the core principles of ahimsa (non-violence), aparigraha (non-attachment), and anekantavada (non-absolutism). He established the fourfold Jain sangha: monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.

1. Development and Spread: Jainism flourished during various periods of Indian history, especially under royal patronage in ancient kingdoms. Jain communities established themselves in various regions, including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.

1. Sects: Over time, Jainism developed into two major sects—Digambara ("sky-clad") and Svetambara ("white-clad"), mainly differing in monastic practice and interpretation of scriptures.

1. Scriptures: Jain scriptures (Agamas and other texts) were compiled over centuries, preserving the teachings of the Tirthankaras.

1. Modern Era: Jainism continues to be practiced, with significant communities in India and a growing presence worldwide. It is known for its strict adherence to non-violence, vegetarianism, and ethics.

Jainism has profoundly influenced Indian culture, art, philosophy, and ethics, particularly through its emphasis on non-violence and respect for all forms of life.