During Paryushana (sometimes spelled "Paryushan"), which is one of the most important annual festivals in Jainism, followers engage in a variety of spiritual practices aimed at self-purification, self-discipline, and seeking forgiveness. The practices and rituals may vary slightly between the two main Jain sects: Svetambara and Digambara, but the core essence remains the same.

Here are the main activities observed during Paryushana:

1. Fasting (Upvas):

Many Jains observe various forms of fasting—from complete abstinence from food and water (Nirjal Upvas) to consuming only boiled water or a single meal a day.

1. Prayers and Rituals:

Devotees perform special prayers, recite sacred scriptures (like the Kalpasutra for Svetambaras and the Tattvartha Sutra for Digambaras), and participate in rituals at temples or at home.

1. Listening to Discourses:

Listening to discourses (pravachans) by monks, nuns, or learned laypeople is encouraged to understand Jain philosophy and ethics.

1. Introspection and Meditation:

Jains spend time in introspection, meditation (dhyana), and reflection on their actions over the past year.

1. Forgiveness (Kshamapana):

The festival culminates in the practice of seeking forgiveness from all living beings for any harm caused, knowingly or unknowingly. The phrase "Micchami Dukkadam" (May all the evil that has been done be fruitless) is commonly used.

1. Charity and Compassion:

Acts of charity, compassion towards all living beings, and practicing non-violence (ahimsa) are emphasized.

1. Reading Scriptures:

Reading and studying Jain scriptures and stories of Tirthankaras is encouraged.

1. Self-discipline:

Practicing self-restraint in speech, thought, and action, as well as controlling desires and attachments.

Duration:

• For Svetambaras, Paryushana lasts 8 days.
• For Digambaras, it is called Das Lakshana Parva and lasts 10 days.

Purpose: The main objective of Paryushana is spiritual upliftment, purifying the soul by shedding accumulated karma, and moving closer to the ideals of Jainism—ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-possession).

In summary, during Paryushana, Jains focus on fasting, prayers, studying scriptures, introspection, and seeking forgiveness to purify their souls and strengthen their commitment to Jain values.